Correlation of the sagittal balance with postural analysis of the pelvis and lumbar spine / Correlação do equilíbrio sagital e análise postural de pelve e coluna lombar

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate and correlate the sagittal balance parameters with the postural of the pelvis and lumbar spine. Methods: 80 individuals of both sexes, aged between 20 and 35 years, were evaluated. Biophotogrammetry was done with the SAPO software program. Measurements of the sagittal balance parameters were obtained by analyzing a lateral view panoramic radiography of the vertebral column, in which the anatomical points of reference were digitally marked. The calculation of the angles was done automatically by the Keops program. Results: In Keops assessment, 17.5% of the sample had high pelvic incidence angles (> 60°), 31.5% had low pelvic incidence angles (< 45°), and 51.2% had medium pelvic incidence angles (between 46° and 59°). SAPO showed 12,5% lordosis, 40% retroversion, and 47,5% normal curvature. In the right lateral view, pelvic incidence angle had a moderate and positive correlation with vertical alignment of the trunk and with vertical alignment of the body, and a negative and moderate correlation with horizontal alignment of the pelvis. Conclusion: Differences were found between vertical alignment measurements from the postural evaluation system (SAPO). A positive correlation was found between PI from Keops and pelvic anteversion from SAPO. Level of Evidence II; Prospective Study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar e correlacionar o equilíbrio sagital com parâmetros posturais da pelve e coluna lombar Métodos: Foram avaliados 80 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 20 e 35 anos. A biofotogrametria foi realizada com o software SAPO. As medidas dos parâmetros do equilíbrio sagital foram obtidas pela análise de uma radiografia panorâmica em perfil da coluna vertebral, na qual os pontos anatômicos de referência foram marcados digitalmente. O cálculo dos ângulos foi feito automaticamente pelo programa Keops. Resultados: Na avaliação Keops, 17,5% da amostra apresentavam ângulos de incidência pélvicos altos (> 60°), 31,5% tinham ângulos de incidência pélvicos baixos (< 45°) e 51,2% apresentavam ângulos de incidência pélvicos médios (entre 46° e 59°). O SAPO apresentou 12,5% de lordose, 40% de retroversão e 47,5% de curvatura normal. Na vista lateral direita, o ângulo de incidência da pelve apresentou correlação moderada e positiva com o alinhamento vertical do tronco e com o alinhamento vertical do corpo e negativa e moderada com o alinhamento horizontal da pelve. Conclusão: Foram encontradas diferenças entre as medidas de alinhamento vertical do sistema de avaliação postural (SAPO). Uma correlação positiva foi encontrada entre IP de Keops e anteversão pélvica de SAPO. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo Prospectivo.

Advanced glycation end products consumption and the decline of functional capacity in patients with Parkinson's disease: Cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) are a diverse group of highly reactive molecules that play a vital role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), leading to a decline in functional and cognitive capacity. The objective of this study was to assess the intake and quantification of AGEs in individuals with PD and to correlate them with their functional and cognitive abilities. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 20 PD patients and 20 non-PD individuals as the Control group (C). The autofluorescence reader was used to evaluate skin AGEs, while food recall was used to quantify AGEs consumed for three different days. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Short Physical Performance Battery, and handgrip tests were used. PD patients demonstrated greater impairment in functional capacity compared to the control group. Results Dominant Handgrip (p = 0.02) and motor performance, in the sit and stand test (p = 0.01) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (p = 0.01) were inferior in PD patients than the control group. Although PD patients tended to consume less AGEs than the control group, AGE intake was negatively correlated with handgrip strength in individuals with PD (r = -0.59; p < 0.05). Conclusion PD patients had lower strength and functional capacity, suggesting that the effects of AGEs might be exacerbated during chronic diseases like Parkinson's.

Desafios e perspectivas relacionados à ampliação do acesso da pessoa com deficiência à atenção básica / Challenges and perspectives related to expanding the access of people with disabilities to primary health / Desafíos y perspectivas relacionados con la ampliación del acceso de la persona con discapacidad a la atención primaria

A Rede de Cuidados à Pessoa com Deficiência, instituída em 2012, estabelece a atenção básica à saúde como elemento central para a garantia da integralidade e do acesso dessa população a serviços e ações em saúde, especialmente pela sua potencialidade enquanto coordenadora do cuidado. Os desafios para a efetivação da rede e consequente garantia do direito e acesso à saúde ainda persistem devido àdesarticulação dos serviços que a integram e à fragmentação das práticas de cuidado. Portanto, este ensaio tem como objetivo discutir alguns desafios e perspectivas relacionados à ampliação do acesso da pessoa com deficiência à atenção básica, de forma a fortalecer sua posição estratégica na rede. Superar as barreiras de acesso e garantia à saúde envolve refletir sobre novas estratégias, mas principalmente reconhecer aquelas já desenvolvidas e comprovadas ­ a exemplo do acolhimento e do apoio matricial ­, sem ignorar o contexto sociopolítico que ainda convoca à superação do recente processo de perda de direitos sociais, de desmonte de políticas educacionais, de inclusão e de saúde.

The Care Network for People with Disabilities, established in 2012, establishes primary health care as a central element to guarantee the integrality and access of this population to health services and actions, especially for its potential as a care coordinator. The challenges for the effectiveness of the network and consequent guarantee of the right and access to health and persists due to the disarticulation of the services that integrate it and to the fragmentation of care practices. Therefore, this essay aims to discuss some challenges and perspectives related to expanding access to primary health care for people with disabilities, to strengthen their strategic position in the network. Overcoming barriers to accessing and guaranteeing health involves reflecting on new strategies, but mainly recognizing those that have already been developed and proven ­ such as reception and matrix support ­, without ignoring the socio-political context that still calls for overcoming the recent process of loss of social rights, of dismantling educational, inclusion, and health policies.

La Red de Cuidados a las Personas con Discapacidad, que se constituyó en 2012, presenta la atención primaria de salud como un elemento central para garantizar la integralidad y el acceso de esta población a los servicios y acciones de salud, especialmente por su potencialidad como coordinadora de atención. Aún persisten los desafíos para la efectividad de la red y consecuente garantía del derecho a la salud y al acceso, debido a la desarticulación de los servicios que la integran y las prácticas asistenciales fragmentadas. Por lo tanto, este ensayo tiene como objetivo discutir algunos desafíos y perspectivas relacionados con la ampliación del acceso a la atención primaria de salud para las personas con discapacidad, con el fin de fortalecer su posición estratégica en la red. Superar las barreras para acceder y garantizar la salud implica reflexionar sobre nuevas estrategias, pero principalmente reconocer aquellas ya desarrolladas y probadas, como la acogida y el apoyo matricial, sin desconocer el contexto sociopolítico que aún exige superar el reciente proceso de desmantelamiento educativo y de las políticas de inclusión y salud, además de la pérdida de derechos sociales.

Associação entre hipertensão arterial sistêmica e indicadores antropométricos em idosos do estudo brazuca / Association between systemic arterial hypertension and anthropometric indicators in the elderly in the brazuca study / Asociación entre hipertensión arterial sistémica y indicadores antropométricos en adultos mayores del estudio brazuca

Introdução:A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica é uma doença crônica que acometea maior parte idosos brasileiros, sendo uma das principais causas de mortes prematuras e incapacidades funcionais que causam complicações cardiovasculares e cerebrais, as quais podem estar associadas a diversos fatores predisponentes como a obesidade.Objetivo:Avaliar a associação entre hipertensão arterial sistêmica e indicadores antropométricos em idosos do estudo BrazucaNatal.Metodologia: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 191 idosos do município Natal-RN. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e antropométricos (peso, estatura, perímetro da cintura e perímetro do quadril) e cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal, Razão Cintura-Estatura e Razão Cintura Quadril. A hipertensão arterial foi auto referida. Os dados foram analisados pelo software SPSS versão 20.0. Teste t de Student foi utilizado para avaliar as diferenças entre médias das variáveis de acordo com o sexo e presença de hipertensão arterial. A associação entre a presença da doença e as variáveisfoi realizadapela Regressão de Poisson, comas razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas e seus intervalos de confiança (95%).Resultados:A maioria dos idosos eram do sexo feminino (55%), com média de idade 69,48 anos (DP=7,38) e índice de massa corporalde 28,46 (DP=5,25), 59,4% possuíamexcesso de peso e 60,1% hipertensão. Ao comparar os sexos, registramos maiores médias de índice de massa corporal, perímetro do quadrile relação cintura estaturanas mulheres (p<0,05). Observamos maiores médias de idadee indicadores antropométricos entre os idosos com hipertensão (p<0,05). Constatamos que a presença de hipertensão estava associada a perímetro da cintura e índice de massa corporal no modelo bruto, mantendo-se apenas o perímetro da cinturano modelo ajustado. Conclusões:Indicadores antropométricos de fácil aplicação e baixo custo como o perímetroda cintura podeser eficientes para a detecção precoce da hipertensão arterial em idosos (AU).

Introduction:SystemicArterial Hypertension is a chronic disease that affects most Brazilian older adults and is one of the main causes of premature deaths and functional disabilities that cause cardiovascular and brain complications. Obesityis among the several predisposing factorsassociatedwithhypertension. Objective:To evaluate the association between SAHand anthropometric indicators in older adultsof the Brazuca Natal study.Methodology: Cross-sectional population-based study with 191 older adults in the city of Natal-RN.Sociodemographic, economic and anthropometric data (weight, height, waist circumference,and hip circumference),Body Mass Index, Waist-Height Ratio and Waist-Hip Ratio were collected. Hypertension was self-reported. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 20.0. The Student's t-test was used to compare themeans of the variables according to sexand presence of hypertension. The association between the presence of the disease and the variables wasperformed by Poisson regression, with crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and respectiveconfidence intervals (95%).Results:The majority of the elderly were female (55%), with a mean age of 69.48 years (SD = 7.38) andBody Mass Indexof 28.46 (SD = 5.25), 59.4% were overweight and 60.1% had hypertension. Mean Body Mass Index, hip circumference and Waist-Height Ratiovalues were higher in women (p<0.05). The age and anthropometric indicators values were higher among the older adults with hypertension (p<0.05). We found that the presence of hypertension was associated with body weight and Body Mass Index,in the crude model and only with body weight in the adjusted model. Conclusions:Anthropometric indicators of easy application and lowcost such as waist circumference can be efficient todetect hypertension in older adults (AU).

Introducción:La Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica es una enfermedad crónica que afecta principalmente ancianos brasileños, siendo una de las principales causas de muertes prematuras ydiscapacidades funcionales que causan complicaciones cardiovasculares y cerebrales, las cuales pueden estar asociadas a diversos factores predisponentes como la obesidad. Objetivo:Evaluar la asociación entre la hipertensión arterial sistémica y los indicadores antropométricos en ancianos del estudio Brazuca Natal. Metodología:Estudio transversal de base poblacional con 191 ancianos del municipio Natal-RN. Se reconpilaron datos sociodemográficos, económicos y antropométricos (peso, estatura, perímetro de la cintura y perímetro de la cadera) y cálculo del Índice de Masa Corporal,Razón Cintura-Estatura y Razón Cintura Cadera. La hipertensión fue auto referida. Los datos fueron analizados por el software SPSSversión 20.0. Test t de Student fue realizado para evaluar las diferencias entre medias de las variables de acuerdo con el sexo y la presencia de hipertensión arterial. La asociación entre la presencia de la enfermedad y las variables fue realizada por la Regresión de Poisson, con las razones de prevalencia brutas y ayustadas y sus intervalos de confianza (95%). Resultados:La mayoría de los ancianos eran mujeres (55%), con una media de 69,48 años (DP= 7,38) y Índice de Masa Corporalde 28,46 (DP= 5,25), 59,4% poseían exceso de peso y 60,1% hipertensión. Observamos mayores medias de edady indicadores antropométricosentre los ancianos con hipertensión (p<0,05).Constatamos que la presencia de hipertensión estaba asociada al perímetro de la cinturae Índice de Masa Corporalen el modelo bruto, manteniendo solo el perímetro de la cinturaen el modelo ayustado. Conclusiones:Indicadores antropométricos de fácil aplicación y bajo costo como el perímetro de la cintura puede ser eficaz para la detección temprana de la hipertensión arterial en los ancianos (AU).

Short sleep duration is associated with high energy and total lipid intake in obese women: a pilot study / A curta duração do sono está associada ao elevado consumo energético e de lipídios totais em mulheres com obesidade: um estudo piloto

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the influence of self-reported sleep duration on ghrelin secretion and nutritional indicators in obese women. Methods This is an observational study, including 36 adult women with obesity. Sleep duration was reported while completing the general questionnaire. Dietary, laboratory, anthropometric, and body composition indicators, and resting metabolic rate, were evaluated. For statistical analysis, sleep duration data were grouped into tertiles: less than six (first tertile); equal to or above six; and less than eight (second tertile); equal to or greater than eight hours of sleep per day (third tertile). The indicators were compared for the different ranges of the sleep duration. Results There was no significant difference when comparing anthropometric, laboratory, and energy expenditure indicators between sleep tertiles. However, women with shorter sleep duration (less than 6 hours per day) had a higher mean caloric intake, compared with the tertile of eight hours or more of sleep per day. For total lipid intake, the mean consumption was higher in the first tertile (up to six hours a day). Conclusion Sleeping less than six hours a day led to an increase in energy and lipid intake in obese women. However, it did not change the plasma ghrelin concentration.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a influência da duração de sono autorrelatada na secreção de grelina e indicadores nutricionais na obesidade. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo observacional, incluindo 36 mulheres adultas com obesidade. A duração do sono foi relatada durante o preenchimento do questionário de dados gerais. Foram avaliados indicadores dietéticos, laboratoriais, antropométricos e de composição corporal, além da taxa metabólica de repouso. Para análise estatística, os dados de duração de sono foram agrupados em tercis, sendo menor do que seis (primeiro tercil), igual ou acima seis e menor do que oito (segundo tercil), igual ou maior do que oito horas de sono por dia (terceiro tercil). Os indicadores supracitados foram comparados entre as diferentes faixas dos tercis de duração de sono. Resultados Não houve diferença significativa ao comparar os indicadores antropométricos, laboratoriais e do gasto de energia, entre os tercis de sono. Porém, mulheres com menor tempo de duração do sono (menos de 6 horas por dia) apresentaram maior média da ingestão calórica, comparado com o tercil de oito horas ou mais de sono por dia. Para a ingestão de lipídios totais, a média de consumo foi maior no primeiro tercil (até seis horas por dia). Conclusão Dormir menos do que seis horas por dia levou ao aumento na ingestão energética e de lipídios em mulheres com obesidade, porém, não alterou a concentração de grelina plasmática.

Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis on third molar extraction / Eficácia da profilaxia antibiótica na extração de terceiros molares

Introduction: Third molar extraction surgery is a common dental procedure, often challenging with increased post-operative complications. The need for antibiotic prophylaxis in these cases remains debated. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on the postoperative clinical course of third molar extraction surgeries. Material and method: Sixty-three patients were randomly allocated into two groups after extraction of the four third molars. ATB group (N = 33) the patients received 1g of amoxicillin one hour before the surgical procedure, CTR group (N = 30) the patients did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis. Clinical analyses were performed at 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after the surgical procedure. These analyses consisted of assessing oedema, variation in mouth opening, and soft tissue healing. Furthermore, patient-centered analyses were also carried out through the application of the visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess pain, inflammation, bleeding, difficulty opening the mouth, and chewing. Result: No influence of antibiotic prophylaxis was observed on the evolution of clinical parameters of healing, oedema, and mouth opening. Patients did not notice differences regarding their comfort during the postoperative period. Conclusion: The incidence of complications observed in the present study was low and was not related to infectious processes. The use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy has no beneficial effects on the postoperative clinical course in third molar extraction.

Introdução: Exodontia de terceiro molar é um procedimento odontológico comum, frequentemente desafiador, com complicações pós-operatórias aumentadas. A necessidade de profilaxia com antibióticos nesses casos ainda é motivo de debate. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da profilaxia com antibióticos no curso clínico pós-operatório das cirurgias de extração do terceiro molar. Material e método: Sessenta e três pacientes foram randomicamente alocados em dois grupos posteriormente a cirurgia de exodontia dos quatro terceiros molares. Grupo ATB (N = 33) utilizou 1g de amoxicilina uma hora antes do procedimento cirúrgico e grupo CTR (N = 30) sem profilaxia antibiótica. Os dentes foram classificados de acordo com Pell & Gregory e Winter. Análises clínicas foram realizadas nos períodos de 3, 7, 14 e 30 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. As análises consistiram na avaliação do edema, variação de abertura de boca e a cicatrização dos tecidos moles. Também foram executadas análises centradas nos pacientes por meio da aplicação da escala visual analógica (VAS) para avaliação de dor, inflamação, sangramento, dificuldade de abertura bucal e de mastigação. Resultado: Não houve diferenças entre os grupos em relação ao posicionamento dos dentes. Não foi observada influência da profilaxia antibiótica nos parâmetros clínicos de cicatrização, edema e abertura de boca. Os pacientes não notaram diferenças em relação ao seu conforto no pós-operatório. Conclusão: A incidência de complicações foi baixa e não foi relacionada a processos infecciosos. O uso de antibioticoterapia profilática não apresentou efeitos benéficos para o curso clínico pós-operatório em exodontia de terceiros molares.

Adaptation to the driving simulator and prediction of the braking time performance, with and without distraction, in older adults and middle-aged adults

Abstract Context: Many studies show the importance of evaluating the adaptation time of subjects in a virtual driving environment, looking forwards to a response as closest as a possible real vehicle. Objectives: This study aimed to identify and analyze the adaptation to the driving simulator in older adults and middle-aged adults with and without a distraction, and a secondary aim was to identify predictors of safe performance for older adults' drives. Design: Male and female middle-aged adults (n = 62, age = 30.3 ± 7.1 years) and older adults (n = 102, age = 70.4 ± 5.8 years) were evaluated for braking time performance in a driving simulator; cognition performance assessment included the Mini-Mental State Examination; motor evaluation included ankle flexor muscle strength with the isokinetic dynamometer and handgrip strength; the postural balance was evaluated with Timed Up and Go test, with and without a cognitive distraction task. Results: Older adults (men and women) and middle-aged adult women require more time to adapt to the driving simulator. The distractor increases the adaptation time for all groups. The main predictors of braking time for older women are age, muscle strength, and postural balance associated with distraction, and for older men, muscle strength. Conclusions: Age, sex, and distractor interfere in the adaptation of the virtual task of driving in a simulator. The evaluation model developed with multi-domains demonstrated the ability to predict which skills are related to braking time with and without the presence of the distractor.

Subclinical signs of podocyte injury associated with Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) in Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients in Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: The long-term effects of schistosomiasis on the glomerulus may contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to investigate baseline Schistosoma mansoni-Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) levels and their association with kidney biomarkers related to podocyte injury and inflammation in long-term follow-up after praziquantel (PZQ) treatment. Methods: Schistosoma infection was diagnosed by detecting CAA in urine using a quantitative assay based on lateral flow using luminescent up-converting phosphor reporter particles. A cutoff threshold of 0.1 pg/mL CAA was used to diagnose Schistosoma infection (baseline) in a low-prevalence area in Ceará, Northeast, Brazil. Two groups were included: CAA-positive and CAA-negative individuals, both of which received a single dose of PZQ at baseline. Urinary samples from 55 individuals were evaluated before (baseline) and at 1, 2, and 3 years after PZQ treatment. At all time points, kidney biomarkers were quantified in urine and adjusted for urinary creatinine levels. Results: CAA-positive patients had increased baseline albuminuria and proteinuria and showed greater associations between kidney biomarkers. CAA levels correlated only with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) (podocyte injury) levels. Increasing trends were observed for malondialdehyde (oxidative stress), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (inflammation marker), and VEGF. In the follow-up analysis, no relevant differences were observed in kidney biomarkers between the groups and different periods. Conclusions: S. mansoni-infected individuals presented subclinical signs of glomerular damage that may reflect podocyte injury. However, no causal effect on long-term renal function was observed after PZQ treatment.

Background and surrounding colors affect the color blending of a single-shade composite

Abstract This study evaluated the background and effect of surrounding colors on the color blending of a single-shade composite used in a thin layer. Disc-shaped specimens (1.0 mm thickness) were built with the Vittra APS Unique composite surrounded (dual specimens) or not surrounded (simple specimens) by a control composite (shade A1, A2, or A3). Simple specimens were also built with only control composites. The specimen color was measured against white and black backgrounds with a spectrophotometer (CIELAB system). The whiteness index for dentistry (WID) was calculated for simple specimens. Differences (ΔE00) in color and translucency parameters (ΔTP00) between the simple/dual specimens and the controls were calculated. The translucency adjustment potential (TAP) and color adjustment potential (CAP) were estimated based on the ratios between data from simple and dual specimens. The Vittra APS Unique composite showed higher WID values than the controls. No differences between ΔTP00_SIMPLE and ΔTP00_DUAL were observed for any of the shades. The composite shade did not affect TAP values. The lowest values of ΔE00_SIMPLE and ΔE00_DUAL were observed for shade A1 regardless of the background color. For the white background, ΔE00_SIMPLE values did not differ from those of ΔE00_DUAL for all shades. Only A1 showed ΔE00_DUAL values lower than ΔE00_SIMPLE when the black background was used. The highest modulus of CAP (negative values for the white background) was observed when shade A1 surrounded the Vittra APS Unique composite. The color blending ability of the single-shade resin composite used in a thin layer was affected by both the surrounding shade and background color.

Violência sexual e saúde mental de universitários: uma sistematização da literatura brasileira / Sexual violence and mental health of college students: a systematic review of Brazilian literature / Violencia sexual y salud mental de universitarios: una sistematización de la literatura brasileña

A presença da violência sexual nas universidades tem afetado diferentes esferas da vida de estudantes, inclusive a saúde mental. O artigo teve como objetivo investigar e categorizar os efeitos da violência sexual sobre a saúde mental de alunos/as, bem como identificar possíveis estratégias para lidar com o problema. Foi realizada uma sistematização da literatura brasileira dos últimos dez anos. Identificou-se que grande parte dos textos define a violência como um fenômeno sociocultural, e alguns explicam a violência a partir de definições jurídicas. Além disso, constatou-se que a violência sexual produz efeitos prejudiciais de ordem psicológica, física, acadêmica e inter-pessoal. Sobre as ações de enfrentamento, foi verificado que a maioria das intervenções mencionadas é remediativa. Por já estar instaladas e apresentar efeitos prejudiciais aos estudantes, as estratégias remediativas são necessárias para lidar com os problemas gerados na saúde mental das vítimas. No entanto, como a violência sexual foi considerada majoritariamente um fenômeno de natureza sociocultural, intervenções preventivas também são requeridas para que os determinantes responsáveis pela violência sexual sejam modificados. (AU)

The presence of sexual violence in universities has affected different spheres of students' lives, including their mental health. This paper aims to investigate and categorize the effects of sexual violence on the mental health of students and identify possible strategies for dealing with this problem. A systematic review of Brazilian literature from the past ten years was carried out. It was found that a large part of the texts defines violence as a sociocultural phenomenon, and some explain violence from legal definitions. In addition, it was found that sexual violence produces detrimental effects of a psychological, physical, academic, and interpersonal nature. As for the coping actions, it was found that most of the interventions mentioned are remedial. Because this type of violence is already installed and presents detrimental effects to students, reme-dial strategies are necessary to deal with the problems generated in the mental health of victims. However, as sexual violence was considered predominantly a sociocultural phenomenon, preventive interventions are also required so that the determinants responsible for sexual violence can be modified. (AU)

La presencia de la violencia sexual en las universidades ha afectado a diferentes ámbitos de la vida estudiantil, incluida la salud mental. El artículo tuvo como objetivo investigar y categorizar los efectos de la violencia sexual sobre la salud mental de los/las alumnos/as, así como identificar posibles estrategias para hacer frente al problema. Se realizó una sistematización de la literatura brasi-leña de los últimos diez años. Se identificó que la mayoría de los textos definen la violencia como un fenómeno sociocultural y algunos explican la violencia a partir de definiciones legales. Además, se ha constatado que la violencia sexual produce efectos perjudiciales de orden psicológico, físico, académico e interpersonal. Sobre las acciones de enfrentamiento, la mayoría son interven-ciones de remediación. Debido a los efectos nocivos de la violencia sexual en los estudiantes, son necesarias estrategias de remediación para hacer frente a los diversos problemas que se generan en la salud mental de las víctimas. Sin embargo, como la violencia sexual fue considerada mayoritariamente un fenómeno de carácter sociocultural, también se requieren intervenciones preventivas para que se modifiquen los determinantes responsables de la violencia sexual. (AU)

Effect of surrounded shade and specimen`s thickness on color adjustment potential of a single-shade composite

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of surrounded shade and specimens` thickness on the color adjustment potential (CAP) of a single-shade composite. The composite Vittra APS Unique was surrounded (dual specimens) or not (simple specimens) by a control composite (shade A1, A2, or A3). Simple specimens of the control composite were also confectioned. Opacity and whiteness index for dentistry (WID) were calculated for simple specimens. Color differences between the simple (ΔE*SIMPLE)/ dual specimens (ΔE*DUAL) and the controls were calculated. CAP was calculated based on the ratio between ΔE* SIMPLE and ΔE* DUAL. The tested composite presented lower opacity (53 to 62% vs. 80 to 93%) and higher WID (≈ 42 vs. 18 to 32) than controls. Irrespective of the specimens' thickness (1.0/ 1.5 mm), the lowest values of ΔE* SIMPLE (11.1/ 10.8) and ΔE*DUAL (7.2/ 6.1) were observed using the surrounding shade A1. The shade A3 yielded higher ΔE*SIMPLE (16.4/ 17.1) and ΔE* DUAL (11.3/ 12.3) than the A2 (ΔE*SIMPLE = 13.4/ 14.6; and ΔE* DUAL = 9.7/ 10.3). The specimen`s thickness significantly affected the CAP (0.35 and 0.44 for 1.0 and 1.5 mm, respectively) only for shade A1, which had the highest CAP values. The shade A3 resulted in higher CAP values (0.31) than A2 (0.27) when 1.0-mm thick specimens were used, but similar values were observed for 1.5 thick specimens (≈ 0.29). In conclusion, both surrounding shade and specimen thickness can affect the CAP of a single-shade resin composite.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito da cor circundante e da espessura da amostra no potencial de ajuste de cor (PAC) de uma resina monocromática. O compósito Vittra APS Unique foi circundado (amostras duplas) ou não (amostras simples) com um compósito controle (cor A1, A2 ou A3). Amostras simples do compósito controle também foram confeccionadas. A opacidade e o índice de brancura para odontologia (IBO) foram calculados para as amostras simples. As diferenças de cor entre amostras simples (ΔE*SIMPLE) / duplas (ΔE*DUAL) e os controles foram calculados. PAC foi calculado baseado na razão entre ΔE* SIMPLE e ΔE* DUAL. O compósito testado apresentou menor opacidade (53 a 62% vs. 80 a 93%) e maior IBO (≈ 42 vs. 18 a 32) que os controles. Independente da espessura da amostra (1,0/ 1,5 mm), os valores mais baixos de ΔE* SIMPLE (11,1/ 10,8) e ΔE*DUAL (7,2/ 6,1) foram observadas quando a resina circundante era A1. A cor A3 resultou em maior ΔE*SIMPLE (16,4/ 17,1) e ΔE* DUAL (11,3/ 12,3) do que A2 (ΔE*SIMPLE = 13,4/ 14,6; e ΔE* DUAL = 9,7/ 10,3). A espessura das amostras afetou significativamente o PAC (0,35 e 0,44 para 1,0 e 1,5 mm, respectivamente) apenas para a cor A1, que teve os maiores valores de PAC. A cor A3 resultou nos maiores valores de PAC (0,31) que A2 (0,27) quando amostras de 1,0 mm de espessura foram usadas, mas valores similares foram observados para amostras de 1,5 mm (≈ 0,29). Como conclusão, tanto a cor circundante como a espessura das amostras podem afetar o PAC de um compósito resinoso monocromático.

Avaliação do microambiente alimentar em estabelecimentos fornecedores de alimentos em um município do trairí do Rio Grande do Norte / Evaluation of the food microenvironment in establishments supplying foods in acity of Trairi ofRio Grande do Norte / Evaluación del microambiente alimentario en provedores de alimentos en unmunicipio de Trairi doRio Grande do Norte

Introdução:As pessoas passaram a consumir alimentos prontos e ultraprocessados cada vez mais e diminuíram o consumo de alimentos naturais. Consequentemente, têm aumentado o desenvolvimento de obesidade e outras doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Esse processo de transição nutricional e epidemiológico tem sido influenciado pelo ambiente alimentar. Objetivo:avaliar o microambiente alimentar em mercados e restaurantes do município de Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte. Metodologia:Trata-se deuma pesquisa transversal e descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada em 60 estabelecimentos comerciais fornecedores de alimentos naturais, industrializados e refeições prontas. Foram aplicados questionários, de acordo com a classificação do tipo deestabelecimento para verificação da disponibilidade, variedade, preço e qualidade de alimentos naturais e ultraprocessados. Resultados:A maior parte dos estabelecimentos participantes eram mercados locais ou de bairros, localizados no centro da cidade, evidenciando as desigualdades territoriais.Foi visto que a disponibilidade de frutas e hortaliças era inferior aos ultraprocessados. Os alimentos apresentaram qualidade satisfatória e os menores preços de frutas foram encontrados nos supermercados e mercadinhos, enquanto os das hortaliças na feira livre. Conclusões:ficou evidente a necessidade de políticas públicas de incentivo a descentralização do comércio de alimentos e o incentivo à venda de alimentos mais saudáveis e acessíveis física e financeiramente (AU).

Introduction:People have started to consume more and more ready-to-eat foods and have reduced their consumption of fruit and vegetables. Consequently, the prevalence of overweight and chronic non-communicable diseases have increased over the years. This dietary and epidemiological transition process has been influenced by the food environment in which they are inserted. Objective:to evaluate the food microenvironment in markets and restaurants in the city of Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte.Methodology:This is a cross-sectional and descriptive research, with a quantitative approach, carried out in 60 commercial establishments supplying natural and processed foods and ready-to-eat meals. Questionnaires were applied, according to the classification of the type of establishment, to check the availability, variety, price and quality of natural and ultra-processed foods.Results:Most of the participating establishments were local or neighborhood markets,located in the downtown, highlighting territorial inequalities. It was noted that the availability of fruits and vegetables is lower than the ultra-processed foods. All foods showed satisfactory quality, and the lowest prices for fruits were found in supermarkets and grocery stores, while vegetables were found in the street market. Conclusions:the need for public policies to encourage the decentralization of the food trade and the incentive to sell healthier and more affordable foodsphysically and financially became evident (AU).

Introducción: Las personas pasaron a consumir alimentos listos y ultraprocessados cada vez más y disminuyeron el consumo de alimentos naturales. Consecuentemente, las prevalencias de sobrepeso y enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles han aumentado con los años. Este proceso de transición alimentaria y epidemiológica ha sido influenciado por el entorno alimentario en el que se encuentran. Objetivo: evaluar el microambiente alimentario en mercados y restaurantes del municipio de Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte.Metodología: Se trata de una investigación transversal y descriptiva, de abordaje cuantitativo, realizada en 60 establecimientos comerciales proveedores de alimentos naturales, industrializados y comidas preparadas. Se aplicaron cuestionarios de acuerdo con la clasificación del tipo de establecimiento para verificar la disponibilidad, variedad, precio y calidad de los alimentos naturales y ultraprocesados. Resultados: La mayor parte de los establecimientos participantes eran mercados locales o de barrios, localizada en el centro de la ciudad, destacando las desigualdades territoriales. Se ha visto que la disponibilidad de frutas y hortalizas es inferior a los ultraprocesados. Los alimentos presentaron calidad satisfactoria y los menores precios de frutas fueron encontrados en los supermercados y mercadillos, mientras que las hortalizas en la feria libre.Conclusiones: quedó evidente la necesidad de políticas públicas de incentivo a la descentralización del comercio de alimentos y el incentivo a la venta de alimentos más saludablesy asequibles física y financieramente (AU).

Knee, low back and disabling pain and their associated factors in instructors of gym clubs: a census study / Fatores associados às dores no joelho, na lombar e incapacitante em instrutores de academias de ginástica: um estudo censitário

Abstract Background Although gym club instructors are closely linked to health and well-being, this group of workers shows specific characteristics that may favor the involvement in musculoskeletal disorders in their occupational routines. Objective To identify the prevalence of knee, low back, and disabling pain and their association with sociodemographic, nutritional, and occupational variables in instructors from gym clubs in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Method A census-type study was carried out with all professionals working at gym clubs (n=497). Crude and multivariable analyses were performed considering "sex", "age", "income", "occupational physical activity", "time working at the gym clubs" and "modality performed" as exposures. Outcomes were disabling pain, and knee and low back pain. Results The disabling pain affected 20.9% of the workers and was associated with the gym clubs modality performed and with the working longest time in the gym clubs. Half of the professionals related to low back pain in the previous year. This outcome was associated with the age (inversely), of females and Pilates instructors. The knee pains affected, in the last year, 41.5% of the professionals; there was a significant association between age (inversely) and time of work in the gym clubs. Conclusion The instructors had a high prevalence of the three outcomes analyzed. Those who have been working longer time at gym clubs, women, youngers, Pilates, or gymnastic instructors were at an increased risk of presenting the outcomes.

Resumo Introdução Embora os instrutores de academias de ginástica estejam ligados à saúde e ao bem-estar, esse grupo de trabalhadores apresenta características específicas que podem favorecer o surgimento de distúrbios osteomusculares em suas rotinas ocupacionais. Objetivo Verificar a prevalência de dor no joelho, dor lombar e dor incapacitante e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, nutricional e ocupacionais em instrutores de academias de ginástica da cidade de Pelotas, Brasil. Método Censo realizado com todos os profissionais atuantes nas academias da cidade (n=497). Foi realizada análise bruta e ajustada (regressão de Poisson), considerando as variáveis de exposição "sexo", "idade", "renda", "atividade física ocupacional", "anos de trabalho como profissional de academia" e "modalidade ministrada". As variáveis desfecho foram dor no joelho, dor lombar e dor incapacitante. Resultados A dor incapacitante acometeu 20,9% dos profissionais e esteve associada com a função de ministrar aulas de ginástica e com o maior tempo de trabalho em academia. Metade dos entrevistados referiu sentir dor lombar no último ano, sendo associado à idade (inversamente), ao sexo feminino e ministrar aulas de Pilates. A dor no joelho acometeu, no último ano, 41,5% dos profissionais, havendo associação significativa com a idade (inversamente) e o tempo de trabalho em academia. Conclusão Conclui-se que os instrutores das academias de ginástica tiveram uma alta prevalência dos três desfechos analisados. O tempo de trabalho em academia, o sexo feminino, idade, profissionais de Pilates e de ginástica estiveram associados com maiores prevalências das dores investigadas.

Humanização na ambiência de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares: significado de bem-estar na perspectiva dos usuários / Humanisation in the Complementary and Integrative Practice ambience: the meaning of well-being from the users' perspective

Resumo Na busca pelo incremento qualitativo dos espaços de saúde e por uma experiência positiva de seus usuários, este artigo apresenta os significados de bem-estar relacionados à ambiência, atribuídos pelos usuários de ambientes terapêuticos de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PIC). A pesquisa qualitativa teve como um de seus objetivos "Identificar o significado de bem-estar e os estímulos que o influenciam, em ambientes de PIC". Foi realizada uma avaliação ambiental em três estudos de caso no ano de 2017, com múltiplos métodos, dos quais as entrevistas - com terapeutas, pacientes e coordenadores das instituições - e as observações sistemáticas foram os que melhor contribuíram para os resultados aqui apresentados. A categorização dos resultados sugere que os significados de bem-estar atribuídos pelos usuários de ambientes terapêuticos de PIC sejam: Acolhimento, Ânimo, Beleza, Concentração, Confiança, Relaxamento e Simplicidade. Neste artigo, apresenta-se a discussão da categorização em relação à revisão de literatura, às amostras de usuários, aos estímulos ambientais e aos métodos. Estima-se que essa categorização possa contribuir para a humanização das ambiências de PIC e para a melhoria de seus projetos arquitetônicos.

Abstract Aiming to have a qualitative increase in health spaces and provide a positive experience for its users, this article presents the meanings of well-being related to the environment, attributed by users of therapeutic environments with complementary and integrative practices (CIPs). One of the objectives of the qualitative research was to "Identify the meaning of well-being and the stimuli that influence it in CIP environments". An environmental assessment was carried out in three case studies in 2017, using multiple methods, of which interviews - with therapists, patients and coordinators from institutions - and systematic observations best contributed to the results presented here. The categorisation of the results suggests that the meanings of well-being attributed by users of therapeutic CIP environments are: Welcomeness, Motivation, Beauty, Concentration, Trust, Relaxation and Simplicity. In this article, the discussion of categorisation in relation to the literature review, user samples, environmental stimuli and methods is presented. It is estimated that this categorisation can contribute to the humanisation of CIP ambiences and to improving their architectural projects.

Influence of invertor and evertor muscle fatigue on functional jump tests and postural control: A prospective cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Objective: Fatigue of the ankle's stabilizing muscles may influence the performance of functional activities and postural control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of healthy young adults using functional jump tests and static posturography control under pre- and post-fatigue conditions of the ankle invertor and evertor muscles. Methods: Thirty physically active healthy male and female (15 male and 15 female) volunteers (24.3 years) were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. Participants performed tests on one day under a non-fatigued state of invertor and evertor muscles and on the second day in a fatigued state. Tests included static posturography on a force platform in a bipedal stance with eyes open and closed and in one-legged support with eyes open and functional jump tests (figure-of-8, side hop, 6-m crossover hop, and square hop). Fatigue of the ankle invertor and evertor muscles was induced using isokinetic dynamometry with 30 repetitions at 120°/s. Results: Participants had an average age of 24.3 years (SD ± 2.08), the height of 1.73 m (SD ± 0.08), and a weight of 68.63 kg (SD ± 10.29). The average Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22.88 (SD ± 2.46). A decrease in performance was observed in functional activities and postural control under all conditions after the induction of muscle fatigue, except for the speed at a bipedal stance with eyes open. Conclusions: Functional jump tests are low cost and useful for clinical practice and evaluation of the effects of muscle fatigue and could be used in clinical practice.

Lesão inalatória confirmada por broncoscopia nos pacientes admitidos em uma UTI de queimados / Inhalation injury confirmed by bronchoscopy in patients admitted to a burns ICU

OBJETIVO: Verificar a incidência de lesão inalatória confirmada por broncoscopia em pacientes com queimaduras faciais e/ou histórico de exposição a fumaça em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva para Queimados. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal retrospectivo baseado em coleta de prontuários de pacientes internados entre agosto de 2015 e maio de 2020. Na análise estatística realizou-se a caracterização dos dados categóricos e contínuos, teste exato de Fisher, teste de Shapiro-Wilk e teste de Kruskal-Wallis sendo avaliados no software STATA® 14 com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: 82 pacientes com lesão inalatória foram classificados em grupos de nenhuma lesão/leve, moderada e grave, com incidência de 19,2 casos de lesão inalatória a cada 100 internações na unidade de terapia intensiva de queimados e tempo médio de internação de 35,6 dias; destes, 27 faleceram. Os pacientes com lesão grave ficaram por menor tempo em ventilação mecânica. CONCLUSÕES: A avaliação por broncoscopia no atendimento inicial imediato ou em até 24h da admissão do paciente com queimadura facial pode ser adotada para otimizar o diagnóstico e realizar a classificação da lesão inalatória aprimorando a visualização do prognóstico, o atendimento e tratamento a estes pacientes.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the incidence of inhalation injury confirmed by bronchoscopy in patients with facial burns and/or a history of exposure to smoke in a Burns Intensive Care Unit. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study based on the collection of medical records of patients hospitalized between August 2015 and May 2020. In the statistical analysis the categorical and continuous data were characterized, Fisher's exact test, Shapiro-Wilk test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were evaluated in STATA® 14 software with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: 82 patients with inhalation injury were classified into groups of no/mild, moderate and severe injuries, with an incidence of 19.2 cases of inhalation injury for every 100 admissions in the intensive care unit for burns patients with an average length of stay of 35.6 days; of these 27 died. Patients with severe injuries were on mechanical ventilation for a shorter time. CONCLUSIONS: The bronchoscopy evaluation in the immediate initial care or within 24 hours of admission of patients with facial burns can be adopted to optimize the diagnosis and perform the classification of the inhalation injury improving the visualization of the prognosis, care and treatment of these patients.

Distanciamento social pela covid-19: rede de apoio social, atividades e sentimentos de idosos que moram só / Social distancing due to covid-19: social support network, activities and feelings of aged individuals who live alone / Distanciamiento social debido al covid-19: red de apoyo social, actividades y sentimientos de ancianos que viven solos

RESUMO Objetivo: to analyze the social support network, the activities performed, and the factors associated with the presence of negative feelings of aged individuals who live alone during social distancing due to COVID-19. Método: a cross-sectional study conducted with 119 aged individuals who live alone in the Macro-region of Triângulo Sul, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data were collected at the homes and with instruments validated in the country. Descriptive and multiple binary regression analyses were performed (p<0.05). Resultados: 97.5% had a social support network for health needs and for maintaining social distancing (79.8%). The activity most frequently performed was household chores (77.3%). The presence of negative feelings was associated with the female gender (p<0.001) and with fewer activities (p=0.012). Conclusão: the data contribute to the development of health actions, revealing situations in the daily life of aged individuals that are exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as aspects related to the negative feelings experienced by aged individuals who live alone.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the sociodemographic profile of interpersonal violence associated with alcohol consumption in São Paulo-SP, Brazil. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out through notifications of suspected or confirmed cases of interpersonal violence from the Notifiable Diseases Information System submitted between 2016 and 2019. Collection took place between March and June 2020. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were performed in the statistical analysis. Results: 27,775 notifications were obtained, whose prevalent profile was female victims (60.6%), aged between 20 and 34 years old (41.4%), brown- or black-skinned (51%), and with complete high school (18.8%). Physical violence was more frequent (81.9%), perpetrated by an intimate partner (20.3%), motivated by sexism (9.9%) and generational conflict (11.2%). In sexual violence, rape prevailed with 69.4% and there was a low supply of emergency contraception methods (14.7%). Conclusion: the study contributes to reflections and subsidies in the planning of public policies to control the problem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la red de apoyo social, las actividades realizadas y los factores asociados a la presencia de sentimientos negativos de ancianos que viven solos durante el distanciamiento social debido al COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 119 ancianos que viven solos en la Macro-región de Triângulo Sul, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los datos se recolectaron en los domicilios y con instrumentos validados en el país. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de regresión binaria múltiple (p<0,05). Resultados: El 97,5% contaba con una red de apoyo social para necesidades de salud y para mantener el distanciamiento social (79.8%). La actividad más frecuente fue la de tareas domésticas (77,3%). La presencia de sentimientos negativos se asoció al sexo femenino (p<0,001) y a una menor cantidad de actividades realizadas (p=0,012). Conclusión: los datos contribuyen en la elaboración de acciones de salud, evidenciando situaciones en la vida diaria de los ancianos que se vieron agravadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19, como ser los aspectos relacionados a los sentimientos negativos experimentados por los ancianos que viven solos.

Is 12 months enough to reach function after athletes' ACL reconstruction: a prospective longitudinal study

Abstract Context: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is disabling in several sports because it causes knee instability and functional deficit. Usually, surgical treatments produce the best functional outcomes, however, sometimes they are not always able to fully restore stability and function. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate postural balance, muscle strength, and functional performance of young athletes with an ACL injury before and after ACL reconstruction. Design: This was a longitudinal observational prospective study. Method: 74 athletes, 60 men, and 14 women, aged between 16 and 45, divided into two groups: the Group-Lesion of ACL with 34 athletes (24.1 years) and the Group-Control with 40 athletes without ACL lesion (27.7 years old). All volunteers performed posturography, isokinetic dynamometry, and the Hop-Test. The ACL-Group was evaluated before and 12 months after the reconstruction and the control group was evaluated once. Results: The Postoperative ACL Group presented greater limb symmetry, 0.96 (± 0.12), than the preoperative ACL Group, 0.87 (± 0.17), p < 0.01 in the Hop-Test. In the posturography, the displacement area was smaller in the postoperative ACL Group, 19.85 (± 5.74), compared to the preoperative ACL Group, 24.20 (± 8.97), p < 0.01. In isokinetic dynamometry the torque peak was greater in the postoperative ACL Group, 0.91 (± 0.14), than in the preoperative ACL Group, 0.74 (± 0.15), p < 0.01. Conclusion: The functional outcomes increased in ACL reconstruction athletes after 12 months, but not at the same level as in the Control Group. The result indicates an incomplete functional recovery, adaptive changes in postural control after injury, reconstruction, and return to sport.

Conceptions of Justice System professionals on adoption by gay and lesbian couples / Concepções de profissionais do Sistema de Justiça sobre adoção por casais de gays e lésbicas

This exploratory and qualitative research aimed to understand how legal professionals and professionals working in the Public Ministry (psychologists, social workers, prosecutors, and judges) understand and notice adoption by gay and lesbian couples. Forty-one professionals were interviewed (six judges, three prosecutors, fourteen psychologists, and eighteen social workers), who work in ten judiciary districts of three Brazilian states, with the collected data being submitted to content analysis and interpreted according to the bioecological theory and local literature. For the professionals, adoption in Brazil is legally possible, but there are restrictions based on the propagation of moral values on the social imaginary. In general, they would more specifically assess, in these candidates, the possible repercussions of sexual orientation and adoption in their lives and in the lives of their families, worrying about the emotional safety of their future children. The importance of preparing candidates, children/adolescents, and professionals was emphasized, and these must act as agents of change to a cultural re-signification of preconceived conceptions.

Este estudo exploratório e qualitativo objetivou compreender como profissionais que atuam no Judiciário e no Ministério Público (psicólogos, assistentes sociais, promotores e juízes) entendem e percebem a adoção por casais de gays e lésbicas. Foram entrevistados 41 profissionais (seis juízes, três promotores, 14 psicólogas e 18 assistentes sociais) atuantes em dez Comarcas de três estados brasileiros, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de conteúdo e interpretados pela teoria bioecológica e por literatura da área. Para os profissionais, trata-se de uma adoção juridicamente possível no Brasil, embora reconheçam que existem ressalvas pautadas na veiculação de valores morais no imaginário social. Em geral, avaliam-se mais especificamente nesses pretendentes as possíveis repercussões da orientação sexual e da adoção em suas vidas e de suas famílias, preocupando-se com a segurança emocional do(s) futuro(s) filho(s). Enfatizou-se a importância da preparação de pretendentes, crianças/adolescentes e profissionais, devendo esses operarem como agentes de mudança para uma ressignificação cultural de concepções preconceituosas.

School-based HPV Vaccination: The Challenges in a Brazilian Initiative / Vacinação contra o HPV em base escolar: Os desafios de uma iniciativa brasileira

Abstract Objective The present study assesses the implementation and the impact after 2 years of a school-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in a Brazilian city. Methods A prospective study assessing the implementation of the program, offering quadrivalent HPV vaccine in two annual doses to girls and boys aged from 9 to 10 years old. The program was started in the city of Indaiatuba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2018, and had authorization from the National Immunization Program. The number of HPV vaccine first doses applied and the coverage in 2018 was calculated and compared to the year 2017. There were described events that have influenced the results. Results The program invited 4,878 children through schools (87.1% of the target population), and 7.5% refused vaccination. Several concurrent events required or competed for health professionals of the vaccination teams. The coverage of the first dose (between 9 and 10 years old) was 16.1% in 2017 and increased to 50.5% in 2018 (p < 0.0001). The first dose in all ages increased 78% in 2018 compared with 2017 (6,636/3,733). Competing demands over the program continued in 2019, and the first dose coverage dropped (26.9%). For 2020, a municipal law instituted school-based vaccination and the creation of dedicated teams for vaccination, and these strategies are waiting to be tested. Conclusion School-based annual HPV vaccination in children between 9 and 10 years old was feasible and increased vaccination coverage, regardless of gender, although the program was vulnerable to competing events.

Resumo Objetivo O presente estudo avalia a implantação de um programa de vacinação contra o papilomavírus humano (HPV) em escolas de uma cidade brasileira e o impacto após 2 anos. Métodos Estudo prospectivo para avaliar a implementação do programa, oferecendo a vacina quadrivalente contra o HPV em duas doses anuais, para meninas e meninos de 9 a 10 anos. O programa foi autorizado pelo Programa Nacional de Imunizações na cidade de Indaiatuba, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e teve início em 2018. A cobertura anual da primeira dose foi comparada ao ano de 2017, e os eventos que influenciaram os resultados foram descritos. Resultados O programa convidou 4.878 crianças por meio das escolas (87,1% da população-alvo) e 7,5% recusou a vacinação. Vários eventos concorrentes exigiram ou competiram pelos profissionais de saúde das equipes de vacinação. A cobertura da primeira dose (9 a 10 anos) foi de 16,1% em 2017 e aumentou para 50,5% em 2018 (p < 0,0001). A primeira dose em todas as idades aumentou 78% em 2018 em comparação com 2017 (6.636/3.733). As demandas concorrentes sobre o programa continuaram em 2019, e a cobertura da primeira dose caiu (26,9%). Para 2020, uma lei municipal instituiu a vacinação nas escolas e a criação de equipes dedicadas à vacinação, e estas estratégias aguardam para ser testadas. Conclusão A vacinação anual contra o HPV em base escolar nas idades de 9 a 10 anos foi viável e aumentou a cobertura vacinal, independentemente do gênero, embora o programa fosse vulnerável a eventos concorrentes.